Ankle fracture: symptoms, treatment and prevention with physiotherapy

Ankle fractures are one of the most common orthopaedic injuries and can seriously compromise mobility and quality of life if they are not treated properly.
The ankle supports the entire body weight and is made up of three main bones, the tibia, fibula (or fibula) and astragalus, which work together to ensure stability and movement. Despite being a resistant structure, it is also vulnerable to falls, sprains and direct impacts.

As well as sporting accidents, factors such as osteoporosis, being overweight, sedentary lifestyles or wearing unsuitable footwear can increase the risk of fracture. Recognising the symptoms early and seeking specialised medical help is essential to ensure a full and functional recovery.

How does an ankle fracture occur?

An ankle fracture usually occurs after a twist, fall or direct impact and can affect one or more bone structures.
Even simple movements, such as walking incorrectly, can cause the injury, especially in cases of bone fragility.

As the ankle is essential for walking, running and maintaining balance, any fracture can significantly limit these functions and require specific treatment and rehabilitation.

Symptoms of an ankle fracture

Symptoms usually appear immediately after the trauma and can include:

• Intense and immediate pain;
• Swelling and bruising in the area;
• Difficulty or inability to support the foot on the ground;
• Visible deformity (in more serious cases);
• Limitation of movement due to pain and oedema.

In open fractures, where the bone pierces the skin, urgent medical intervention is required.

Ankle fracture treatment

Treatment depends on the type and severity of the fracture and can be conservative or surgical.

Conservative treatment

Indicated for stable fractures without bone displacement and with intact ligaments.
The ankle is immobilised with a plaster cast or orthopaedic boot for around six weeks.
During this period, it is recommended to keep the limb elevated, apply ice and control oedema, always with medical supervision.

Surgical treatment

In fractures with associated misalignment, instability or ligament damage, surgery is often necessary.
The most common technique is open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF), which consists of aligning the bones and fixing them with plates and screws, ensuring stability during healing.

The importance of physiotherapy in rehabilitation

Physiotherapy is a fundamental stage in ankle fracture recovery, both in conservative and surgical treatments.
The aim is to restore mobility, strength, balance and functionality to the ankle, preventing stiffness and relapses.

At Integrativa - Physiotherapy in Lisbon, the rehabilitation process is adapted to each patient and may include:

• Joint mobilisation: to recover movement and prevent stiffness;
• Manual therapy: to relieve discomfort and improve local circulation;
• Strengthening exercises: focused on the leg and foot muscles;
• Proprioceptive training: to improve balance and coordination;
• Functional training: preparing the ankle for a return to routine and sport.

The duration of treatment varies according to the severity of the injury, and continuous monitoring by a specialised physiotherapist is essential.

Possible complications

If not treated properly, an ankle fracture can lead to complications such as

• Post-traumatic arthritis, due to joint misalignment;
• Compartment syndrome, which affects the circulation and nerves;
• Infections, especially in open fractures or after surgery;
• Deep vein thrombosis associated with prolonged immobilisation.

Early diagnosis and a personalised rehabilitation plan significantly reduce the risk of these complications.

How to prevent an ankle fracture

Prevention is always the best treatment.
A few simple measures can reduce the risk of fracture and strengthen the joint:

• Strengthen the ankle and leg muscles;
• Training balance and proprioception;
• Wear suitable, comfortable and stable footwear;
• Maintain good bone health by eating a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D;
• Avoid a sedentary lifestyle and exercise regularly;
• Walking barefoot occasionally to activate the foot muscles and improve postural control.

An ankle fracture is an injury that requires attention and proper follow-up.
Early diagnosis, individualised treatment and monitoring by a specialised physiotherapist are key to ensuring a safe, effective recovery without future limitations.

At Integrativa, our approach combines science, personalisation and continuous follow-up so that each patient achieves a complete and sustainable recovery, with a focus on joint prevention and longevity.

If you are recovering from an ankle fracture or instability, book an assessment with a Physiotherapist at Integrativa.
Intervention at the right time makes all the difference to recovery and a return to active life.